Umbhali wesayensi waseBritane uHG Wells wakha wathi: “Xa ndibona indoda endala ikhwela ibhayisekile, andiyi kuphelelwa lithemba ngekamva loluntu.” UEins ukwanesisho esidumileyo ngeebhayisekile, esithi “Ubomi bufana nokukhwela ibhayisekile. Ukuba ufuna ukugcina ibhalansi yakho, kufuneka uqhubeke usiya phambili.” Ngaba iibhayisekile zibaluleke kangaka ebantwini? Ibhayisekile, esetyenziswa ngabantu abaninzi namhlanje ukusombulula uhambo “lwemayile yokugqibela”, iye yawaphula njani ngokwembali imiqobo yodidi kunye nesini?

Kwincwadi ethi “Bicycle: Wheel of Liberty” ebhalwe ngumbhali waseBritane uRobert Payne, ngobuchule udibanisa imbali yenkcubeko kunye nobuchwepheshe bokuvelisa iibhayisekile kunye nezinto azifumeneyo kunye neemvakalelo zakhe njengomthandi webhayisekile kunye nomthandi webhayisekile, esivulela ithuba. Amafu embali acacise amabali enkululeko kwi “Wheel of Liberty”.

Malunga nowe-1900, iibhayisekile zaba yindlela yokuhamba yemihla ngemihla yezigidi zabantu. Okokuqala ngqa kwimbali yoluntu, udidi lwabasebenzi lwaba yindlela yokuhambahamba—babenako nokuhambahamba, izindlu ezazinabantu abaninzi ezazikade zinabantu ngoku zazingenanto, iindawo ezikufutshane zanda, kwaye ijografi yezixeko ezininzi yatshintsha ngenxa yoko. Ukongeza, abafazi bandise inkululeko engakumbi kunye namathuba okukhwela ibhayisekile, kwaye ukukhwela ibhayisekile kuye kwaba yinguqu enkulu kumzabalazo omde wabasetyhini wokufumana ilungelo lokuvota.

Ukuthandwa kwebhayisekile kuye kwehla kancinci ngexesha leemoto. “Phakathi kweminyaka yoo-1970, ingcamango yenkcubeko yebhayisekile yayisele ifikelele kwinqanaba elingaqhelekanga eBritane. Yayingasabonwa njengendlela esebenzayo yokuthutha, kodwa yayithathwa njengethoyi. Okanye okubi nangakumbi—ingozi yendlela.” Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba ibhayisekile ikhuthaze abantu abaninzi njengoko ibisoloko isenza ngaphambili, ukugcina abantu abaninzi bebandakanyeka kulo mdlalo, ukwandisa umdlalo ngendlela, ububanzi kunye notshintsho? UPayne uvakalelwa kukuba ukuba wakha waziva wonwabile kwaye ukhululekile ngelixa uqhuba ibhayisekile, “ngoko ke sabelana ngento ebalulekileyo: Siyazi ukuba yonke into ikwibhayisekile.”

Mhlawumbi eyona mpembelelo inkulu yeebhayisekile kukuba zidiliza imiqobo eqinileyo yodidi kunye nesini, kwaye umoya wentando yesininzi ozizisayo ungaphaya kwamandla aloo luntu. Umbhali waseBritane uHG Wells, owakha wabizwa ngokuba “ngumqhubi webhayisekile” ngenye imbali yobomi bakhe, wasebenzisa ibhayisekile kwiinoveli zakhe ezininzi ukubonisa utshintsho olukhulu kuluntu lwaseBritane. I-“The Wheels of Chance” yapapashwa ngo-1896 ochumileyo. I-protagonist uHoopdriver, umncedisi womnxibeli weempahla weklasi ephantsi, wadibana nenenekazi elikumgangatho ophezulu kuhambo lwebhayisekile. Washiya ikhaya. , “Hamba uye emaphandleni ngebhayisekile” ukubonisa “inkululeko” yakhe. UWells usebenzisa oku ukuhlekisa ngenkqubo yeklasi yoluntu eBritane nendlela eye yachaphazeleka ngayo kukufika kwebhayisekile. Endleleni, uHoopdriver wayelingana nenenekazi. Xa ukhwela ibhayisekile kwindlela yasemaphandleni eSussex, imimiselo yoluntu yesinxibo, amaqela, iikhowudi, imithetho kunye nokuziphatha okuchaza iindidi ezahlukeneyo ziyanyamalala nje.

Akunakuthiwa iibhayisekile ziye zaqalisa intshukumo yabasetyhini, kufanele kuthiwe uphuhliso lwazo zombini luhambelana. Sekunjalo, ibhayisekile yaba yinguquko kumzabalazo omde wabasetyhini wokufumana ilungelo lokuvota. Abavelisi beebhayisekile, ewe, bafuna abafazi nabo bakhwele iibhayisekile. Bebesenza iibhayisekile zabasetyhini ukusukela kwiimodeli zokuqala zeebhayisekile ngo-1819. Ibhayisekile ekhuselekileyo yatshintsha yonke into, kwaye ukukhwela ibhayisekile kwaba ngumdlalo wokuqala odumileyo kubafazi. Ngo-1893, phantse zonke iibhayisekileabavelisi babesenza iimodeli zabasetyhini.