Iibhayisekile zombane ziye zaba yindawo entsha ethandwayo kwihlabathi lokuhamba ngeenyawo ngenxa yokuba kulula ukuzisebenzisa kunye noyilo oluhambelana nokusingqongileyo. Abantu bayisebenzisa njengendlela entsha yokuhamba ngeenyawo kunye nokuthutha imigama emide nemifutshane.
Kodwa yazalwa nini ibhayisekile yokuqala yombane? Ngubani owasungula ibhayisekile yombane kwaye ngubani oyithengisa ngorhwebo?
Siza kuphendula le mibuzo inomdla njengoko sixoxa ngembali emangalisayo yeebhayisekile zombane ephantse ibe yiminyaka eli-130. Ngoko ke, masingene kuyo ngaphandle kokulibazisa.
Ngowama-2023, phantse izigidi ezingama-40 zeebhayisekile zombane ziya kube zisendleleni. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqala kwayo yayiyinto elula nengabalulekanga, ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1880, xa iYurophu yayithanda iibhayisekile kunye neebhayisekile ezinamavili amathathu.
wayengowokuqala ukwakha ibhayisekile yombane ngo-1881. Wafaka injini yombane kwi-tricycle yaseBritane, waba ngumvelisi wokuqala we-tricycle yombane emhlabeni. Waphumelela kwiindlela zaseParis kwi-tricycle yombane, kodwa akazange afumane ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi.
iphucule ngakumbi ingcamango yokongeza iibhetri kwi-tricycle kunye ne-motor ehambelana nayo. Lonke ulungiselelo lwe-tricycle olune-motor kunye nebhetri lwalunobunzima obumalunga neekhilogram ezingama-300, nto leyo eyayithathwa njengengasebenziyo. Okumangalisayo kukuba, le nqwelo-moya enamavili amathathu yayikwazi ukuhamba iimayile ezingama-50 ngesantya esiphakathi se-12 mph, nto leyo emangalisa ngayo nayiphi na imigangatho.
Inqanaba elilandelayo elikhulu kwiibhayisekile zombane lenzeka ngo-1895, xa kwafunyanwa ilungelo lobunikazi lemoto yehabhu yangasemva enendlela yokuqhuba ngqo. Enyanisweni, iseyeyona moto ixhaphakileyo esetyenziswa kwiibhayisekile ze-elektroniki. Wasebenzisa imoto exutyiweyo eyavula indlela yebhayisekile yombane yanamhlanje.
Yazisa i-planetary gear hub motor ngo-1896, nto leyo eyaphucula ngakumbi uyilo lweebhayisekile zombane. Ukongeza, yakhawulezisa i-e-bike kangangeemayile ezimbalwa. Kwiminyaka embalwa elandelayo, ii-e-bikes zenze uvavanyo olunzima, kwaye sabona ukuqaliswa kwee-mid-drive kunye nee-friction-drive motors. Nangona kunjalo, i-rear hub motor iye yaba yinjini ephambili kwiibhayisekile ze-e.
Kwiminyaka embalwa eyalandelayo yayinzima kancinci kwiibhayisekile ze-elektroniki. Ngokukodwa, iMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini yamisa uphuhliso lweebhayisekile ze-elektroniki ngenxa yokuqhubeka kwesiphithiphithi kunye nokufika kweemoto. Nangona kunjalo, iibhayisekile zombane zafumana ubomi obutsha ngeminyaka yoo-19030 xa zadibana ukwenza iibhayisekile zombane ukuze zisetyenziswe kwezorhwebo.
Bafumana udumo olukhulu ngo-1932 xa bathengisa iibhayisekile zabo zombane. Emva koko, abavelisi abafana nabo bangena kwimarike yeebhayisekile zombane ngo-1975 nango-1989 ngokulandelelana.
Nangona kunjalo, ezi nkampani zisasebenzisa iibhetri ze-nickel-cadmium kunye ne-lead-acid, nto leyo ethintela kakhulu isantya kunye noluhlu lweebhayisekile ze-elektroniki.
Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1980 nasekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1990, ukuveliswa kwebhetri ye-lithium-ion kwavula indlela yebhayisekile yombane yanamhlanje. Abavelisi banokunciphisa kakhulu ubunzima beebhayisekile ze-e ngelixa besandisa uluhlu lwazo, isantya kunye nokusebenza kwazo ngeebhetri ze-lithium-ion. Ikwavumela abakhweli ukuba batshaje iibhetri zabo emakhaya, nto leyo eyenza iibhayisekile ze-e zithandwe ngakumbi. Ngaphezu koko, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zenza iibhayisekile ze-e zibe lula kwaye zilungele ukuhamba ngeenyawo.
Iibhayisekile zombane zenze inkqubela phambili yazo enkulu ngo-1989 ngokwaziswa kwebhayisekile yombane ngu-.Kamva, yaziwa ngokuba yibhayisekile yombane "encediswa yipedal". Le ndlela ivumela i-e-bike motor ukuba iqalise xa umkhweli ekhwela ibhayisekile. Ngaloo ndlela, ikhulula i-e-bike motor kuyo nayiphi na i-throttle kwaye yenza uyilo lube lula ngakumbi kwaye lube lula ukuyisebenzisa.
Ngo-1992, iibhayisekile zombane ezincedisayo ngepedali zaqala ukuthengiswa kurhwebo. Zikwayeyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo yokukhetha iibhayisekile ze-elektroniki kwaye ngoku luyilo oluqhelekileyo phantse kuzo zonke iibhayisekile ze-elektroniki.
Kwiminyaka yoo-2000 nasekuqaleni koo-2010, inkqubela phambili kubuchwepheshe bombane nobombane yayithetha ukuba abavelisi beebhayisekile ze-elektroniki banokusebenzisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zee-microelectronics kwiibhayisekile zabo. Bazise ulawulo lwegesi kunye ne-pedal assist kwiihandlebars. Bakwabandakanya umboniso onebhayisekile ye-elektroniki evumela abantu ukuba bajonge imayile, isantya, ubomi bebhetri, nokunye ukuze bafumane amava okuqhuba akhuselekileyo nangcono.
Ukongeza, umenzi udibanise usetyenziso lwefowuni ukuze ajonge ibhayisekile ye-elektroniki kude. Ke ngoko, ibhayisekile ikhuselekile ekubiweni. Ngaphezu koko, ukusetyenziswa kwezinzwa ezahlukeneyo kuphucula ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza kwebhayisekile yombane.
Imbali yeebhayisekile zombane iyamangalisa ngokwenene. Enyanisweni, iibhayisekile ze-elektroniki bezizizithuthi zokuqala ukusebenzisa iibhetri nokuhamba endleleni ngaphandle kwemisebenzi, kwanangaphambi kweemoto. Namhlanje, olu phuculo luthetha ukuba iibhayisekile ze-elektroniki ziye zaba lolona khetho luphambili lokukhusela indalo ngokunciphisa igesi nengxolo. Kwakhona, iibhayisekile ze-elektroniki zikhuselekile kwaye kulula ukuzikhwela kwaye ziye zaba yindlela edumileyo yokuhambahamba kumazwe ahlukeneyo ngenxa yeenzuzo zazo ezimangalisayo.