Kwizixeko ezikhulu, iibhayisekile ezisebenzisa amandla ombane nezinyovayo ukuze zithwale imithwalo enzima ngokuthe ngcembe zithabathel’ indawo iilori zokuthutha eziqhelekileyo.IUPS
Rhoqo ngoLwesibini, indoda eselunxwemeni ekhwele itrayisekile engaqhelekanga imisa eyadini ngaphandle kwevenkile ye-ayisikrimu yaseKate ePortland, eOregon, ukuze ibuyise iimpahla ezintsha.
Wafaka iibhokisi ze-30 ze-ayisikrimu ye-Kate ye-merchandise-vegan ene-waffle cones kunye ne-marionberry cobbler-kwibhegi yesikhenkcisi, kwaye wayibeka kunye nezinye iimpahla kwibhokisi yentsimbi efakwe emva kwesitulo.Elayishwe ukuya kuma 600 eeponti zomthwalo, waqhuba waya kumntla-mpuma weSandy Boulevard.
I-pedal stroke nganye iphuculwa yimoto yombane ethuleyo efihlwe kwi-chassis.Ngaphandle kokuyalela isithuthi sorhwebo esine-4-foot-wide-wide, wakhwela umzila webhayisekile.
Emva kwekhilomitha enesiqingatha, ibhayisekile enamavili amathathu yafika kwi-B-line Urban Delivery warehouse.Inkampani imi kumbindi wesixeko, amanyathelo nje ambalwa ukusuka kuMlambo iWillamette.Ukhupha iimpahla kwiindawo ezincinci nezisembindini wogcino kunezo ezinkulu ezidla ngokuphatha iipasela.
Inxalenye nganye yale meko yahlukile kwiindlela zokuhanjiswa kweemayile ezininzi zokugqibela namhlanje.Kulula ukucinga ngenkonzo ye-B-line njengenye into engaqhelekanga yasePortland.Kodwa iiprojekthi ezifanayo ziyanda kumakomkhulu aseYurophu anjengeParis neBerlin.Yayisemthethweni nje eChicago;yamkelwe kwisiXeko saseNew York, apho i-Amazon.com Inc. iphethe i-200 iibhayisekile zombane ezinjalo zokuhanjiswa.
UKatelyn Williams, umnini we-ice cream, wathi: “Kusoloko kuluncedo ukungabi nayo ilori enkulu yedizili.”
Le yimfuneko yokuhambisa ilizwe leebhayisekile zombane zempahla okanye iitricycle zombane ezisavelayo.Liseti ephantsi yeebhayisekile ezincediswa nge-pedal zombane eziye zaduma ngakumbi ngexesha lobhubhane.Abaxhasi bathi izithuthi zombane ezincinci zinokuhamba phakathi kwemigama emifutshane kwaye zihambise iimpahla ngokukhawuleza kwiindawo ezixineneyo zedolophu, ngelixa zinciphisa ukuxinana, ingxolo kunye nongcoliseko olubangelwa iilori ze-forklift.
Nangona kunjalo, olu qoqosho alukangqinwa kwizitrato zase-United States ezithanda iimoto.Le ndlela ifuna ukuphinda kucingwe ngokutsha ngendlela iimpahla ezingena ngayo esixekweni.Uhlobo olutsha lwangaphandle luqinisekile ukuba lunokubangela ungquzulwano kwiindawo esele zizele ziimoto, abakhweli beebhayisikile, nabahambi ngeenyawo.
Iibhayisikili zemithwalo yombane zisisombululo esinokwenzeka kwenye yeengxaki ezinzima kwi-logistics.Uzifumana njani iimpahla ngekhonkco lokugqibela ukusuka kwindawo yokugcina iimpahla ukuya emnyango?
Intloko kukuba nangona umnqweno wokunikezela ubonakala ungenamkhawulo, indawo yendlela yendlela ayikho.
Abahlali basezidolophini sele beqhelene neeveni ezipakishiweyo (kwaye ziphinde zipakwe) kunye neetram ezinezibane ezinobungozi ezidanyazayo.Kubantu abadlula ngendlela, oku kuthetha ukuxinana ngakumbi kwezithuthi kunye nongcoliseko lomoya.Kubathumeli, oku kuthetha iindleko eziphezulu zokuhanjiswa kunye namaxesha okuhambisa acothayo.Ngo-Okthobha, abaphandi kwiYunivesithi yaseWashington bafumanisa ukuba iilori zokuhambisa zichithe i-28% yexesha labo lokuhambisa zikhangela iindawo zokupaka.
UMary Catherine Snyder, umcebisi onobuchule bokumisa iinqwelo-mafutha kwisiXeko saseSeattle, wathi: “Imfuneko yeendlela zokumisa iinqwelo-mafutha ingaphezu kokuba siyifuna ngokwenene.Isixeko sase Seattle sazama iitricycle zombane kunye ne-UPS Inc. kunyaka ophelileyo.
Ubhubhani we-COVID-19 uye wandisa isiphithiphithi.Ngexesha lokutshixa, amashishini eenkonzo afana ne-UPS kunye ne-Amazon anamava aphezulu.Iofisi isenokungabi nanto, kodwa indlela esecaleni kwendlela kwindawo yasezidolophini yaphinda yavalwa ngabantu bokuhambisa abasebenzisa iinkonzo zeGrubhub Inc. kunye neDoorDash Inc. ukuthutha ukutya ukusuka kwindawo yokutyela ukuya ekhaya.
Uvavanyo luyaqhubeka.Ezinye iinkampani zelogistics zivavanya ukufikeleleka komthengi ukunqanda umnyango, kwaye endaweni yoko zibeke iipakethe kwiilokhi, okanye kwimeko yeAmazon, kwitranki yemoto.Iidrone ziyenzeka, nangona zinokubiza kakhulu ngaphandle kokuthuthwa kwezinto ezikhaphukhaphu, zexabiso eliphezulu njengamayeza.
Abaxhasi bathi iitrayisekile ezincinci ezibhetyebhetye zikhawuleza kuneelori kwaye zivelisa ubushushu obumbalwa.Iyalawuleka ngakumbi kwitrafikhi, kwaye inokupakishwa kwindawo encinci okanye nakwindledlana yeenyawo.
Ngokophononongo malunga neebhayisekile zombane ezithunyelwa kwiDyunivesithi yaseToronto kulo nyaka uphelileyo, ukutshintsha iilori zokuhambisa rhoqo ngeebhayisekile zombane kunokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngeetoni ezi-1.9 ngonyaka-nangona iibhayisekile zombane ezininzi kunye neelori zokuhambisa rhoqo zihlala zifuneka.
I-CEO ye-B-line kunye nomsunguli uFranklin Jones (uFranklin Jones) uthe kwi-webinar yakutshanje ukuba i-denser yoluntu, iphantsi kweendleko zokuhamba ngebhayisikili.
Ukuze iibhayisekile zombane zombane zichume, kufuneka kwenziwe utshintsho olubalulekileyo: iindawo ezincinci zokugcina impahla.Uninzi lweenkampani zothutho zilungisa oovimba bazo abakhulu kumda wesixeko.Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba uluhlu lweebhayisekile lufutshane kakhulu, zifuna izixhobo ezikufutshane.Zibizwa ngokuba ziihabhu ezincinci.
Esi sikhululo sincinci esibizwa ngokuba yihotele yezothutho sele sisetyenziswa eParis.Kolu nxweme, inkampani eqalayo ebizwa ngokuba yiReef Technology iphumelele i-700 yezigidi zeerandi kwinkxaso-mali ye-hub yayo kwindawo yokupaka idolophu kwinyanga ephelileyo ukubandakanya ukuhanjiswa kweemayile zokugqibela.
NgokukaBloomberg News, iAmazon ikwaseke amaziko amancinane ayi-1,000 XNUMX okusasaza kulo lonke elaseUnited States.
USam Starr, umcebisi wempahla ozimeleyo ozimeleyo eCanada, wathi ukusebenzisa iibhayisekile zomthwalo, la mavili amancinci kufuneka asasazwe ngaphakathi kwiradius yeemayile ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-6, kuxhomekeke kubuninzi besixeko.
EUnited States, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iziphumo ze-e-freight aziqinisekanga.Kunyaka ophelileyo, i-UPS yafumanisa kulingo lwe-e-cargo tricycle e-Seattle ukuba ibhayisekile yazisa iipakethi ezimbalwa ngeyure kunelori eziqhelekileyo kwindawo exakekileyo yaseSeattle.
Uphononongo lukholelwa ekubeni uvavanyo oluthatha inyanga enye kuphela lunokuba lufutshane kakhulu ekuhanjisweni kweebhayisikile.Kodwa iphinde yabonisa ukuba inzuzo yeebhayisikile-isayizi encinci-ibuye ibe buthathaka.
Uphononongo lwathi: "Iibhayisekile zombane ezithwala impahla zisenokungasebenzi njengeelori."Umthamo wabo wempahla onyiniweyo uthetha ukuba banokucutha ukuhanjiswa ngalo lonke ixesha bekhenketha, kwaye kufuneka baphinde balayishe rhoqo.”
KwisiXeko saseNew York, usomashishini ogama linguGregg Zuman, umseki weRevolutionary Rickshaw, ebezama ukuzisa iibhayisekile zombane zomthwalo kubantu abaninzi kule minyaka ilishumi elinesihlanu idlulileyo.Usasebenza nzima nangoku.
Umbono wokuqala kaZuman yaba kukwenza ibhetshi yeetriyisekile zombane ngo-2005. Oko akuhambelani neholo yeeteksi edolophini.Kwi-2007, i-Ofisi yoMphathiswa weeNqwelo zeMoto inqume ukuba iibhayisikili zorhwebo zinokuqhutywa kuphela ngabantu, oku kuthetha ukuba abayi kuqhuba iimoto zombane.Uritsho wemvukelo wanqunyanyiswa ngaphezu kweminyaka elishumi.
Kunyaka ophelileyo ibilithuba lokuphelisa umqobo.Abantu baseNew York, njengabahlali basezidolophini kwihlabathi liphela, baxhomekeke kwii-scooters zasezitalatweni zombane kunye neebhayisekile ezincediswa ngombane.
NgoDisemba, isiXeko saseNew York savuma ukuvavanywa kweebhayisekile zempahla zombane eManhattan ziinkampani ezinkulu zolungiselelo ezifana ne-UPS, iAmazon kunye neDHL.Ngelo xesha, ababoneleli ngeenkonzo zokuhamba njengeNyoni, i-Uber kunye neLime bajonge kwimarike enkulu yelizwe kwaye bacenga i-legislature yelizwe ukuba isemthethweni i-scooters yombane kunye neebhayisikili.NgoJanuwari, iRhuluneli u-Andrew Cuomo (D) wayiyeka inkcaso yakhe kwaye yenza umthetho oyilwayo.
UZuman uthe: “Oku kusenza sinikezele.”Wabonisa ukuba phantse zonke iibhayisikili zemithwalo yombane kwimarike ubuncinane ubuncinane be-intshi ye-48 ububanzi.
Umthetho we-Federal uhlala uthule kwisihloko seebhayisikili zemithwalo yombane.Kwizixeko kunye namazwe, ukuba kukho imigaqo, yahluke kakhulu.
Ngo-Okthobha, iChicago yaba sesinye sezixeko zokuqala zokudibanisa imithetho.Ooceba besi sixeko baphumeze imithetho evumela iilori zombane ukuba ziqhube kwiindlela zeebhayisekile.Banomlinganiselo wesantya esiphezulu se-15 mph kunye nobubanzi beenyawo ezi-4.Umqhubi ufuna ipasi lebhayisekile kwaye ibhayisekile kufuneka ipakishwe kwindawo yokupaka eqhelekileyo.
Kwiinyanga ze-18 ezidlulileyo, i-e-commerce kunye ne-logistics giant yathi isasaze malunga ne-200 yeebhayisikili zemithwalo yombane e-Manhattan nase-Brooklyn, kwaye ijonge ukuphuhlisa isicwangciso kakhulu.Ezinye iinkampani ze-logistics ezifana ne-DHL kunye ne-FedEx Corp. nazo zinee-pilot ze-e-cargo, kodwa azikho zikhulu njenge-Amazon.
UZuman uthe, "Kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo, iAmazon izakukhula ngokukhawuleza kule ntengiso.""Bavuka ngokukhawuleza phambi komntu wonke."
Imodeli yeshishini laseAmazon lihamba ngokuchasene ne-Portland's B-line.Ayisiyiyo i-shuttle ukusuka kumthengisi ukuya kwivenkile, kodwa ukusuka kwivenkile ukuya kumthengi.I-Whole Foods Market Inc., ivenkile ethengisa izinto eziphilayo ephethwe yiAmazon, ihambisa igrosari kwindawo yaseBrooklyn yaseManhattan naseWilliamsburg.
Ngaphezu koko, uyilo lwezithuthi zalo zombane lukwahluke ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo ebonisa indlela elisebenza ngayo ishishini kweli nqanaba lincinci.
Izithuthi zaseAmazon azikho iitricycles.Le yibhayisekile yombane eqhelekileyo.Unako ukutsala itreyila, uyikhulule, kwaye ungene kwigumbi lokungena kwisakhiwo.(UZuman uyibiza ngokuba “yikiliva yezityebi”.) Phantse zonke iibhayisekile zombane zemithwalo zenziwe eYurophu.Kwamanye amazwe, iibhayisekile zombane zisetyenziswa njengeestrollers okanye izinto ezithwala igrosari.
Uyilo lugcwele imephu.Abanye abantu benza umkhweli ahlale nkqo, ngoxa abanye bengqiyame.Abanye babeka ibhokisi yempahla ngasemva, abanye babeka ibhokisi ngaphambili.Abanye bakwindawo evulekileyo, ngelixa abanye besonga umqhubi ngeqokobhe leplastiki elibonakalayo ukuze kuthintelwe imvula.
UJones, umsunguli wePortland, wathi isixeko sasePortland asifuni ilayisenisi ye-B-line kwaye ayifuni ukuhlawula nayiphi na imali.Ukongeza, umthetho we-Oregon uvumela iibhayisekile ukuba zibe namandla anamandla okuncedisa iimpawu-ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1,000 watts-ukuze ibhayisekile ibe nesantya esihambelana nokuhamba kwetrafikhi kwaye ibe nomtsalane wokuvumela nabani na ukuba anyuke induli.
Wathi: “Ngaphandle kwezi, besingenakukwazi ukuqesha abakhweli abahlukahlukeneyo, kwaye ngekungekho xesha lifanayo lokuhambisa esilibonileyo.”
Umgca B unabathengi.Le yindlela yokuhanjiswa kweemveliso zasekhaya zeMarike yoNyaka oMtsha, eluthotho lweevenkile ezili-18 zegrosari.UCarlee Dempsey, uManejala woLungiselelo lwe-Supply Chain Logistics of New Seasons, uthe isicwangciso saqala kwiminyaka emihlanu eyadlulayo, sisenza i-B-line ibe ngumthetheli wolungiselelo phakathi kwababoneleli begrosari abali-120 balapha ekhaya.
Amaxesha amatsha abonelela ababoneleli ngenzuzo eyongezelelweyo: yenza i-30% yemali abayityalayo yomgca B.Oku kubanceda baphephe abasasazi begrosari abaqhelekileyo ngemirhumo ephezulu.
Omnye onjalo nguAdam Berger, umnini wePortland Company Rollenti Pasta.Phambi kokuba aqalise ukusebenzisa i-B-line, kufuneka athumele ngenqanawa kwiiMarike zoNyaka oMtsha kunye ne-compact Scion xB yakhe imini yonke.
Wathi: “Yayiyinkohlakalo nje.”"Ukuhanjiswa kweemayile zokugqibela kuko okusibulalayo sonke, nokuba zizinto ezomileyo, amafama okanye abanye."
Ngoku, wanikezela ngebhokisi yepasta kumthuthi we-B-line waza wanyathela phezu kwayo kwindawo yokugcina impahla ekwiikhilomitha ezili-9 kude.Ziye zithuthelwe kwiivenkile ezahlukeneyo ngeelori eziqhelekileyo.
Uthe: “Ndisuka ePortland, ke yonke le yinxalenye yebali.Ndingowalapha, ndiligcisa.Ndivelisa iibhetshi ezincinci.Ndifuna ukwenza ukuhanjiswa kwebhayisekile kusebenze ngokufanelekileyo umsebenzi wam. ""ilunge kakhulu."
Iirobhothi zokuhanjiswa kunye nezithuthi eziluncedo zombane.Umthombo womfanekiso: I-Starship Technologies (irobhothi yokuhambisa) / Ayro (isithuthi esineenjongo ezininzi)
Umfanekiso usecaleni kwezixhobo zokuhanjiswa komntu zeStarship Technologies kunye ne-Ayro Club Car 411 isithuthi sombane.I-Starship Technologies (irobhothi yokuhambisa) / Ayro (isithuthi esinemisebenzi emininzi)
Oosomashishini abaninzi bakhomba i-micro-ray kwizixhobo ezisemgangathweni zokuhambisa.I-Arcimoto Inc., umenzi wezithuthi zombane ezinamavili amathathu e-Oregon, wamkela ii-odolo zohlobo lokugqibela lweemayile zoMhlanguli.Omnye umngeneleli ngu-Ayro Inc., umenzi welori encinci yombane eTexas enesantya esiphezulu se-25 mph.Malunga nobukhulu benqwelwana yegalufa, izithuthi zayo ikakhulu zishutha ilinen kunye nokutya kwindawo ezolileyo yezithuthi ezifana neendawo ekuchithelwa kuzo iiholide kunye neekhampasi zaseyunivesithi.
Kodwa i-CEO uRod Keller uthe inkampani ngoku iphuhlisa inguqulelo enokuthi iqhutywe endleleni, kunye negumbi lokugcina ukutya komntu ngamnye.Umthengi yitsheyini yokutyela efana neChipotle Mexican Grill Inc. okanye iPanera Bread Co., kwaye bazama ukuhambisa iimpahla kumnyango womthengi ngaphandle kokuhlawula imirhumo ehlawuliswa yinkampani yokuhambisa ukutya ngoku.
Kwelinye icala iirobhothi ezincinci.I-San Francisco-based Starship Technologies iphuhlisa ngokukhawuleza imakethi yayo yemoto enamavili amathandathu engekho endleleni, engagqithiyo kwizipholile zebhiya.Banokuhamba i-radius ye-4 yeekhilomitha kwaye bafanelekile ukuhamba ngendledlana.
NjengoAyro, yaqala ekhampasini kodwa iyanda.Inkampani ithe kwiwebhusayithi yayo: "Ukusebenza neevenkile kunye neeresityu, senza ukuhanjiswa kwasekhaya ngokukhawuleza, kukrelekrele kwaye kungabizi kakhulu."
Zonke ezi zithuthi zineenjini zombane, ezineengenelo ezilandelayo: zicocekile, zithe cwaka kwaye kulula ukuzihlawulisa.Kodwa emehlweni abacwangcisi besixeko, inxalenye "yemoto" iye yaqala ukuphazamisa imida ekudala yahlula iimoto kwiibhayisekile.
"Utshintshe nini ukusuka kwibhayisekile ukuya kwimoto?"ubuze usomashishini waseNew York uZuman."Lo ngomnye wemida emfiliba ekufuneka sijongane nayo."
Enye yeendawo apho izixeko zaseMelika zinokuqala ukucinga malunga nendlela yokulawula i-e-freight sisikwere semayile eSanta Monica, eCalifornia.
Umsitho yiMidlalo yeOlimpiki yaseLos Angeles ezayo ka-2028.Umfelandawonye wengingqi unethemba lokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwemibhobho ephumayo kwiindawo zedolophu ngekota ngelo xesha, kubandakanywa nenjongo ekhaliphileyo yokuguqula i-60% yeelori zokuhambisa eziphakathi ukuya kwiilori zombane.NgoJuni walo nyaka, uSanta Monica uphumelele isibonelelo se-$350,000 sokudala indawo yokuqala yelizwe yokuhanjiswa kwe-zero-emission.
USanta Monica akakwazi ukukhulula kuphela, kodwa ugcine i-10 ukuya kwi-curbs ye-20, kwaye kuphela (kunye nezinye izithuthi zombane) ezinokumisa ezi curbs.Zizindawo zokupaka i-e-cargo zokuqala ezizinikeleyo kweli lizwe.Ikhamera iya kulandelela indlela indawo esetyenziswa ngayo.
“Olu luphononongo lokwenyani.Lo ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya wokwenene.”watsho uFrancis Stefan, ophethe le projekthi njengegosa eliyintloko lezokuhamba likaSanta Monica.
Ummandla wesixeko we-zero-emission kumantla e-Los Angeles ubandakanya indawo ephakathi kwedolophu kunye ne-Third Street Promenade, enye yezona ndawo zixakekileyo zokuthenga e-Southern California.
"Ukukhetha ecaleni kwendlela yinto yonke," utshilo uMat Peterson, usihlalo weTransportation Electrification Cooperation Organisation owakhetha uSanta Monica."Unabathathi-nxaxheba abaninzi kwindawo yokutya, indawo yokuhambisa, indawo [yeshishini ukuya kwishishini]."
Le projekthi ayisayi kuqalisa ezinye iinyanga ezintandathu, kodwa iingcali zithi ukungquzulana phakathi kweebhayisekile zombane zemithwalo nezinye iindlela zeebhayisekile akunakuphepheka.
ULisa Nisenson, ingcali yokushukumiseka kwi-WGI, inkampani yoyilo lweziseko zophuhliso lukawonke-wonke, wathi: “Ngequbuliso, kwabakho iqela labantu ababehamba ngemoto, abakhweli kunye noosomashishini.”"Yaqala ukugcwala."
Umcebisi wempahla u-Starr uthe ngenxa yendlela encinci, iinqanawa ze-electronic cargo ziyakwazi ukumisa ecaleni kwendlela, ngokukodwa "kwindawo yefenitshala", ehlala kwiibhokisi zeposi, ii-newsstand, izibane kunye nemithi.
Kodwa kulo mmandla umxinwa, iibhayisekile zombane zemithwalo zihamba ecaleni kwemizila yamavili ezithuthi ezixhaphaza amalungelo athile: izithuthuthu zombane zidume kakubi ngokuthintela ukuhamba kwabantu kwizixeko ezininzi.
U-Ethan Bergson, isithethi seSebe lezoThutho eSeattle, uthe: "Kungumceli mngeni ukuqinisekisa ukuba abantu bapaka ngokuchanekileyo ukuze bangabangeli imiqobo kubantu abakhubazekileyo ecaleni kwendlela."
U-Nissensen uthe ukuba izithuthi ezincinci, ezikhawulezayo zokuhambisa ziyakwazi ukufikelela kulo mkhwa, ke izixeko zinokudinga ukwenza iseti enye endaweni yale nto ibiza ngokuba "iipaseji ezihambahambayo", oko kukuthi, iiseti ezimbini zabantu abaqhelekileyo kunye nezinye kumashishini alula.
Kukho nethuba kwenye indawo ye-asphalt landscape eye yalahlwa kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje: ii-alleys.
"Ukuqala ukucinga ngokubuyela kwikamva, ukuthatha ezinye izinto zorhwebo ukusuka kwisitrato esikhulu kunye nangaphakathi, apho kungabikho mntu wumbi ngaphandle kwabathutha inkunkuma enengqondo?"Wabuza uNisensen.
Enyanisweni, ikamva lonikezelo lwamandla amancinci lingabuyela kwixesha elidlulileyo.Uninzi lweelori zedizili eziphefumlayo ezifuna ukutshintshelwa ziibhayisekile zombane zempahla kwaye ziqhutywa yi-UPS, inkampani eyasekwa ngo-1907.